Thing's you need to know in Automobile.

Meaning of Automobile

Automobile is a four wheelers vehicles that is design for transport of human and have space for one to six peoples.

Types of Automobile

1. Based on purpose:

Passenger vehicles – These automobiles carry passengers – e.g: Buses, Passenger trains, cars

Goods vehicles – These vehicles are used for transportation of goods from one place to another. e.g: Goods lorry, goods carrier

2. Based on capacity:

Heavy Motor Vehicle (HMV) – Large and bulky motor vehicles – e.g: Large trucks, buses

Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) – Small motor vehicles – e.g: Cars, Jeeps

Medium Vehicle – Relatively medium sized vehicles – e.g: Small trucks, mini buses

3. Based on fuel source:

Petrol engine vehicles – Automobiles powered by petrol engine – e.g: scooters, cars, mopeds, motorcycles

Diesel engine vehicles – Automotives powered by diesel engine – e.g: Trucks, Buses

Gas vehicles – Vehicles that use gas turbine as power source – e.g: Turbine powered cars

Solar vehicles – Vehicles significantly powered by solar power – e.g: Solar powered cars

Hydrogen vehicles – Vehicles that have hydrogen as a power source – e.g: Honda FCX Clarity

Electric vehicles – Automobiles that use electricity as a power source – e.g: Electric cars, electric buses

Steam Engine Vehicles – Automotives powered by steam engine – e.g: Steamboat, steam locomotive, steam wagon

Hybrid Vehicles – Vehicles that use two or more distinct power sources – e.g: Hybrid buses, hybrid cars like Toyota Prius, Honda Insight

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) – Automobile that uses both Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Power Source to propel itself – e.g: Jaguar C-X75

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Important dates in Automobile

Let's go back in time to the year 1672, where it all started.

• 1672 Otto Von Guerick invented the first electrical device,  rotating ball of sulphur.
• 1742 Andreas Gordon constructed the first static generator.
• 1747 Benjamin Franklin flew a kite in a thunderstorm!
• 1769 Cugnot built a steam tractor in France made mostly from wood.
• 1780 Luigi Galvani started a chain of events resulting in the invention of the battery.
• 1800 The first battery was invented by Alessandro Volta.
• 1801 Trevithick built a steam coach.
• 1825 Electromagnetism was discovered by William Sturgeon.
• 1830 Sir Humphery Davy discovered that breaking a circuit causes a spark.
• 1831 Faraday discovered the principles of induction.
• 1851 Ruhmkorff produced the first induction coil.
• 1859 The accumulator was developed by the French physicist Gaston Planche.
• 1860 Lenoir built an internal-combustion gas engine.
• 1860 Lenoir developed ‘in cylinder’ combustion.
• 1860 Lenoir produced the first spark-plug.
• 1861 Lenoir produced a type of trembler coil ignition.
• 1861 Robert Bosch was born in Albeck near Ulm in Germany.
• 1870 Otto patented the four-stroke engine.
• 1875 A break spark system was used in the Seigfried Marcus engine.
• 1876 Otto improved the gas engine.
• 1879 Hot-tube ignition was developed by Leo Funk.
• 1885 Benz fitted his petrol engine to a three-wheeled carriage.
• 1885 The motor car engine was developed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz.
• 1886 Daimler fitted his engine to a four-wheeled carriage to produce a four-wheeled motorcar.
• 1887 The Bosch low-tension magneto was used for stationary gas engines.
• 1887 Hertz discovered radio waves.
• 1888 Professor Ayrton built the first experimental electric car.
• 1889 E. Martin used a mechanical system to show the word ‘STOP’ on a board at the rear of his car.
• 1889 Georges Bouton invented contact breakers.
• 1891 Panhard and Levassor started the present design of cars by putting the engine in the front.
• 1894 The first successful electric car.
• 1895 Emile Mors used accumulators that were recharged frofrom a belt-driven dynamo.
• 1895 Georges Bouton refined the Lenoir trembler coil.
• 1896 Lanchester introduced epicyclic gearing, which is now used in automatic transmission.
• 1897 The first radio message was sent by Marconi.
• 1897 Bosch and Simms developed a low-tension magneto with the ‘H’ shaped armature, used for
• motor vehicle ignition.
• 1899 Jenatzy broke the 100 kph barrier in an electric car.
• 1899 First speedometer introduced (mechanical).
• 1899 World speed record 66 mph – in an electric powered vehicle!
• 1901 The first Mercedes took to the roads.
• 1901 Lanchester produced a flywheel magneto.
• 1902 Bosch introduced the high-tension magneto, which was almost universally accepted.
• 1904 Rigolly broke the 100 mph barrier.
• 1905 Miller Reese invented the electric horn.
• 1905 The third-brush dynamo was invented by Dr Hans Leitner and R.H. Lucas.
• 1906 Rolls-Royce introduced the Silver Ghost.
• 1908 Ford used an assembly-line production to manufacture the Model T.
• 1908 Electric lighting appeared, produced by C.A. Vandervell.
• 1910 The Delco prototype of the electric starter appeared.
• 1911 Cadillac introduced the electric starter and dynamo lighting.
• 1912 Bendix invented the method of engaging a starter with the flywheel.
• 1912 Electric starting and lighting used by Cadillac. This ‘Delco’ electrical system was developed by
• Charles F. Kettering.
• 1913 Ford introduced the moving conveyor belt to the assembly line.
• 1914 Bosch perfected the sleeve induction magneto.
• 1914 A buffer spring was added to starters.
• 1920 Duesenberg began fitting four-wheel hydraulic brakes.
• 1920 The Japanese made significant improvements to magnet technology.
• 1921 The first radio set was fitted in a car by the South Wales Wireless Society.
• 1922 Lancia used a unitary (all-in-one) chassis construction and independent front suspension.
• 1922 The Austin Seven was produced.
• 1925 Dr D.E. Watson developed efficient magnets for vehicle use.
• 1927 Segrave broke the 200 mph barrier in a Sunbeam.
• 1927 The last Ford model T was produced.
• 1928 Cadillac introduced the synchromesh gearbox.
• 1928 The idea for a society of engineers specializing in the auto-electrical trade was born in
• Huddersfield, Yorkshire, UK.
• 1929 The Lucas electric horn was introduced.
• 1930 Battery coil ignition begins to supersede magneto ignition.
• 1930 Magnet technologies are further improved.
• 1931 Smiths introduced the electric fuel gauge.
• 1931 The Vertex magneto was introduced.
• 1932 The Society of Automotive Electrical Engineers held its first meeting in the Constitutional Club,
• Hammersmith, London, 21 October at 3.30 pm.
• 1934 Citroën pioneered front-wheel drive in their 7CV model.
• 1934 The two-brush dynamo and compensated voltage control unit was first fitted.
• 1936 An electric speedometer was used that consisted of an AC generator and voltmeter.
• 1936 Positive earth was introduced to prolong spark-plug life and reduce battery corrosion.
• 1937 Coloured wires were used for the first time.
• 1938 Germany produced the Volkswagen Beetle.
• 1939 Automatic advance was fitted to ignition distributors.
• 1939 Car radios were banned in Britain for security reasons.
• 1939 Fuse boxes start to be fitted.
• 1939 Tachograph recorders were first used in Germany.
• 1940 The DC speedometer was used, as were a synchronous rotor and trip meter.
• 1946 Radiomobile company formed.
• 1947 The transistor was invented.
• 1948 Jaguar launched the XK120 sports car and Michelin introduced a radial-ply tyre.
• 1948 UK manufacturers start to use 12 V electrical system.
• 1950 Dunlop announced the disc brake.
• 1951 Buick and Chrysler introduced power steering.
• 1951 Development of petrol injection by Bosch.
• 1952 Rover’s gas-turbine car set a speed record of 243 kph.
• 1954 Bosch introduced fuel injection for cars.
• 1954 Flashing indicators were legalized.
• 1955 Citroën introduced a car with hydro-pneumatic suspension.1955 Key starting becomes a standard feature.
• 1957 Wankel built his first rotary petrol engine.
• 1957 Asymmetrical headlamps were introduced.
• 1958 The first integrated circuit was developed.
• 1959 BMC (now Rover Cars) introduced the Mini.
• 1960 Alternators started to replace the dynamo.
• 1963 The electronic flasher unit was developed.
• 1965 Development work started on electronic control of anti-locking braking system (ABS).
• 1965 Negative earth system reintroduced.
• 1966 California brought in legislation regarding air pollution by cars.
• 1966 In-car record players are not used with great success in Britain due to inferior suspension and
• poor roads!
• 1967 The Bosch Jetronic fuel injection system went into production.
• 1967 Electronic speedometer introduced.
• 1970 Gabelich drove a rocket-powered car, ‘Blue Flame’, to a new record speed of 1001.473 kph.
• 1970 Alternators began to appear in British vehicles as the dynamo began its demise.
• 1972 Dunlop introduced safety tyres, which seal themselves after a puncture.
• 1972 Lucas developed head-up instrumentation display.
• 1974 The first maintenance free breakerless electronic ignition was produced.
• 1976 Lambda oxygen sensors were produced.
• 1979 Barrett exceeded the speed of sound in the rocket-engined ‘Budweiser Rocket’ (1190.377 kph).
• 1979 Bosch started series production of the Motronic fuel injection system.
• 1980 The first mass-produced car with four-wheel drive, the Audi Quattro, was available.
• 1981 BMW introduced the on-board computer.
• 1981 Production of ABS for commercial vehicles started.
• 1983 Austin Rover introduced the Maestro, the first car with a talking dashboard.
• 1983 Richard Noble set an official speed record in the jet-engined ‘Thrust 2’ of 1019.4 kph.
• 1987 The solar-powered ‘Sunraycer’ travelled 3000 km.
• 1988 California’s emission controls aim for use of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) by 1998.
• 1989 The Mitsubishi Gallant was the first mass-produced car with four-wheel steering.
• 1989 Alternators, approximately the size of early dynamos or even smaller, produced in excess of 100 A.
• 1990 Fiat of Italy and Peugeot of France launched electric cars.
• 1990 Fibre-optic systems used in Mercedes vehicles.
• 1991 The European Parliament voted to adopt stringent control of car emissions.
• 1991 Gas discharge headlamps were in production.
• 1992 Japanese companies developed an imaging system that views the road through a camera.
• 1993 A Japanese electric car reached a speed of 176 kph.
• 1993 Emission control regulations force even further development of engine management systems.
• 1994 Head-up vision enhancement systems were developed as part of the Prometheus project.
• 1995 Greenpeace designed an environmentally friendly car capable of doing 67–78 miles to the gallon

(100 km per 3–3.5 litres). 

• 1996 Further legislation on control of emissions.
• 1997 GM developed a number of its LeSabres for an Automated Highway System.
• 1998 Thrust SSC broke the sound barrier.
• 1998 Blue vision headlights started to be used.
• 1998 Mercedes ‘S’ class had 40 computers and over 100 motors.
• 1999 Mobile multimedia became an optional extra.

 Have fun see you later let me take a nap 😴